USAID used its non-Federal audit (NFA) program to monitor implementing partners’ use of U.S. assistance funding for contracts, cooperative agreements, and other foreign assistance awards. From October 2023 through March 2026, independent public accounting firms audited nearly $3 billion in expenditures of USAID foreign assistance awards around the world. The NFAs identified over $50 million in ineligible or unsupported questioned costs as well as weaknesses in internal controls and noncompliance with laws, regulations, and award provisions. While the NFA program helped USAID oversee its foreign assistance awards, USAID OIG identified some weaknesses in the program and suggested improvements should a similar approach be used in the future. Now that the Department of State has greater responsibility for foreign assistance awards, including those USAID previously managed, the Department could leverage USAID’s NFA approach to help ensure it has sufficient tools in place to monitor those awards.